First, we must pay attention to the management and use of equipment High-load use of instruments and equipment is often prone to unexpected failures, especially if optical instruments fog up due to improper maintenance and use, they cannot play the normal role of the instrument and bring obstacles to work. Therefore, efficient maintenance and management equipment has become an effective means for enterprises and institutions to effectively reduce costs and improve labor productivity. At present, the maintenance and management of equipment in domestic enterprises generally remains in the passive repair mode, that is, when the equipment fails, the maintenance personnel can only eliminate the failure in the shortest time, and when there is no failure, the maintenance personnel are only idle Therefore, such a management model is not efficient. Therefore, the management of instruments and equipment should also be planned. Similarly, the maintenance and management of equipment also needs to transform unplanned work into planned work. If we regularly check and maintain to reduce the occurrence of faults, especially the "three prevention" work of the instrument, avoid rush repairs, and ensure that the instrument can be put into normal function at any time, this is an active way. Second, pay attention to the anti-fog of surveying and mapping instruments During the use and storage of surveying and mapping instruments, in addition to the phenomenon of mildew, there is often fogging of optical parts, which affects the normal use of the instrument. Therefore, preventive measures can be taken for the main factors of fogging of optical letters. A. Anti-fog measures in design and use A1. Pay attention to anti-fogging when designing the instrument. The structure of the instrument should strengthen the sealing performance to ensure that the instrument does not reduce the sealing performance at high or low temperatures to prevent water-based fog caused by air leakage. The designer should pay full attention to choosing good chemical stability. The optical glass and materials lay a good foundation for anti-fog. A2. Pay attention to tidy production during the manufacturing and maintenance process. The assembly and maintenance workshops must be clean and strictly follow the operating rules. Carefully wipe the optical parts. It is strictly prohibited to directly touch and take the optical parts by hand. The tools that hold the optical parts must be carried out Degreasing treatment, the auxiliary parts used to wipe optical parts, such as cotton, cloth, ethanol, yi ether, iodine, and organic gaskets in contact with optical parts must be strictly degreased to control the amount of fat. Bottles containing ethanol and yi ether must be cleaned frequently and kept clean. These are important ways to reduce oily mist. A3. Reduce the water vapor inside the instrument and prevent the water vapor from condensing on the glass surface. If possible, assemble in a dry condition or dry the assembled instrument, such as filling with nitrogen or air and placing a desiccant. In the use and inventory of the instrument, try to control the use environment and the relative humidity of the warehouse to about 6%. For field instruments, it is not easy to control the humidity during use. It should be placed in a ventilated, sunny, dry place after use, in the instrument box Put in a desiccant, and pay attention to sealing and timely replacement of the drying silica gel desiccant. In the humid environment, the internal instruments used, such as corrector, double-illuminator, etc., for the removable lens and precision optical parts, after use Remove the old man's drying cylinder for protection in time, and keep the instrument clean to reduce the fogging core. A4. Reasonably choose and use grease. Various dustproof greases and greases used on optical instruments must be materials with very low volatility and good chemical stability. When applying grease to the metal parts of optical instruments, first Clean the parts, let the gasoline volatilize before applying grease, and apply evenly and not too much. Within the range of 10-15mm from the optical parts, it is forbidden to apply grease and dustproof grease to prevent oily mist caused by the spread of grease. A5. Improve the chemical stability of the optical glass surface. Use a chemical coating or vacuum coating method to deposit a hydrophobic film on the glass surface to improve the chemical stability of the glass, enhance the glass's corrosion resistance, and reduce fogging. The influence of water-based fog on observation can also be made of hydrophilic materials, coated with a transparent pseudo-hydrophilic film with certain physical properties, so that the water mist can be completely dispersed and evenly dispersed in the film layer, without affecting the observation. When the atmosphere is dry, the moisture in the film naturally evaporates into the atmosphere. A6. Remove mildew and mist Once the optical instrument is moldy and fogged, it will cause adverse effects and bring a lot of trouble to the repair work. Therefore, it is necessary to take precautions from the beginning of the design and manufacture of the instrument. Strengthening maintenance during use is an important guarantee for preventing mildew and fog. If the instrument has been moulded and fogged, it should be handled in time to avoid greater losses. If the frost and mist are only in the initial stage, that is, after the instrument is moulded and fogged, in a short time, only when the glass surface layer is covered without eroding the glass and damaging the film layer, it can be wiped off with a mixed solution. The instrument should be handled in a timely manner after fogging or fogging, otherwise it will corrode the surface of the optical parts and the coating film even after a long time. Even the glass will be corroded. It should be scrubbed with a general mixed solution or ethyl hydrogen dichlorosilane solution This kind of solution is anti-fog, and has a certain effect of de-fog and mildew. The green filter of the multiplier is mostly phosphate glass, which is easy to fog and difficult to clean. It can be washed with dilute ammonia water, then washed with water, and then the surface of the filter is wiped with the mixed solution in time Dry, but this kind of glass is very unstable. If not in use, wipe it clean and put it in a dry dish, or make a mist treatment in time, otherwise it will mold and fog. Try to avoid using alkaline materials to wipe silicate glass, because alkali has corrosive effect on silicates. If the optical parts are severely moulded and fogged, and the glass has been corroded, only replace the glass or polish the optical parts. In short, the optical instruments should be based on prevention. The mildew must be removed in time. After the mildew is removed, the anti-fog and mildew measures must be taken in time to protect the instrument and make it play a greater role. B. Causes and hazards of fogging of optical instruments Fog refers to the polished surface of optical parts, showing "dew" -like substances, some of which are composed of oily ideas, called oily mist, and some are composed of water droplets or water and glass chemically react to form a deposit, It is called water-based fog: there are two types of fog on some optical parts, which are called water-oil mixed fog. Generally, they exist on the glass surface in the form of "dew" or dry accumulation. Oily mist is usually distributed on the edge of the element-shaped optical parts and extends toward the center, and some is distributed along the wiping traces. The formation of oily mist is mainly due to the contamination of the glass surface with grease, or due to the diffusion of grease, condensation on the glass surface due to volatilization Caused by, for example, the auxiliary materials used for wiping optical parts have high fat content, or the tools used have grease, and the optical parts are directly taken and touched with fingers, which can cause oily mist, or the chemical stability of the grease used on optical instruments Not good, there is diffusion or improper use of too much oil, grease spreads on the optical parts and causes oily mist, or because the instrument grease is very volatile, it will generate oily vapor and form oily mist, and some are cleaned with gasoline When metal parts are used, oil is assembled without letting the gasoline fully play clean. Others use gasoline to dilute the dusting grease and apply it to the lens body. With the growth of time and the change of temperature, these gasoline and other components contained in it gradually volatilize to the optical parts to form oily mist. The water-based mist is formed due to the temperature change of humid air, which is mainly distributed on the entire area of ​​the parts. The main cause is the humid gas, but the sealing performance with the instrument, the chemical stability of the optical glass, and the cleanliness of the glass surface Relevant, at higher relative humidity, molds tend to grow. When some molds grow large, they produce secretions around the mycelium. Some of these secretions are liquid, and an aqueous mist forms around the liquid secretions. Regardless of the cause of the fog, the droplets are distributed on the surface of the optical parts in a spherical shape with a very small radius of curvature, which causes the incident light to scatter. In addition to reducing the effective transmittance of the instrument, the poor imaging quality affects the observation . Due to long-term fogging of some optical parts, many micropores are formed on the corroded glass surface, which will seriously cause the glass parts to be scrapped. The fogging of optical instruments not only exists severely in the southeastern region of China, but also in the drier regions. Due to changes in temperature difference, fogging also occurs. It has a larger influence range than optical instruments and is more difficult to prevent. B1. Use anti-fog materials to prevent fogging of the instrument The anti-fog materials of optical instruments are required to have good anti-fog effects without affecting the optical performance of the glass. The use of the following hydrophobic film materials can play a good anti-fog role. B2. Use anti-fog agent Ethyl hydrogen-containing dichlorosilane is used to treat optical glass parts coated with chemical double-penetration film and uncoated film, which can form a stronger film layer, with water-repellent performance, better waterproof fog performance, easy film formation, and coated on The surface of the optical parts can improve the mechanical properties of the glass, protect the glass surface from scratches to a certain extent, and improve the chemical stability of the optical glass surface. Using it to clean the glass has strong decontamination ability and it is easy to remove fingerprints. The saliva ring improves work efficiency, which is a good anti-fog agent. When used, it is prepared with anhydrous yi ether to form ethyl hydrogen-containing dichlorosilane with a concentration of 0.25% to 1% (weight% ratio). It is quickly formed and cured at room temperature. The gas phase method, the dipping method, the immersion method , Cleaning method is acceptable. It is easy to use and does not require additional equipment. However, it should be noted that ethyl hydrogen-containing dichlorosilane has a pungent odor, do not touch the skin and clothing when preparing, it should be dipped with cotton balls or sponges, and do not touch the metal. The use concentration of the parts can be increased to 4%. Due to the corrosion effect of ethyl hydrogen-containing dichlorosilane in contact with water or moisture, it should be sealed and stored to prevent corrosion of glass and metal. Active. Phosphate glass is not suitable for this method. Can also use anti-mold anti-fog agent, p-nitrophenoxyethyl hydrochlorosilane, it is a brown liquid, easy to hydrolyze, this medicine is mixed with yi ether into a solution of about 5% concentration, centrifuged, soaked , Wiping method can be formed into a film. In addition, the use of ethyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil and dodecyl trimethoxysilane anti-fogging agent can effectively play a role in anti-fogging. B3. Use vacuum coating method to coat perfluoroethylene propylene. This is an inert fluoroplastic with high chemical stability, heat resistance, cold resistance and corrosion resistance. It has strong binding force with glass and metal. Has good anti-mold and anti-fog performance. Not only can it form a protective film on the surface of general glass and fluorinated film, but also can form a film on the surface of phosphate glass. Phosphate glass has poor chemical stability, it is easy to mold and fog, and the general chemical coating method Coated with silane, silicone oil, silicon-fluoride materials, etc., can not form a strong protective film, vacuum coating method, first plating magnesium fluoride on the surface of phosphate glass, and then plating polygold fluoride ethylene propylene, good for phosphate glass Anti-mildew and anti-fog effect. The green filter of the multiplier is mostly phosphate glass. The filter processed by this method has good anti-mold and anti-fog effect. B4. Use non-vulcanized silicone rubber to seal the putty and prevent fogging The optical instrument has good sealing performance and plays an important role in preventing mildew and fog. Non-vulcanized silicone rubber is greasy. It is a kind of non-sulfurized ether silicone rubber. It is composed of fillers, colorants and structure control agents. Low temperature performance is significantly better than the original sealing wax, and other indicators are not lower than the sealing wax. Third, conclusion Due to the rapid development of science and technology and the needs of the development of the world economy, new scientific and technological achievements are continuously applied to instruments and equipment, and the modernization level of equipment is continuously improved. Modern equipment is developing in the direction of high speed and precision automation. Therefore, we must be active Introduce foreign modern instruments and equipment management theories and methods, explore ways to catch up with the international advanced level, and make the management of optical instruments and equipment enter a healthy modern management stage. nordic side table,side cabinet,center table,entryway tables Kumusi (Dongguan) Furniture Co., Ltd. , https://www.coombesfurniture.com