Use osteopontin to rejuvenate the blood of the elderly

Use osteopontin to rejuvenate the blood of the elderly

A new strategy to fight aging! Use osteopontin to rejuvenate the blood of old age

Young blood seems to have healing power, but how do we use this blood without relying on donor blood donation? Recently scientists have found that a protein that keeps hematopoietic stem cells young may help. Scientists have stitched together young mice and old mice to share the blood circulation system and discover the youthful nature of young blood. This horrific experiment has made this nature of young blood attractive to everyone. The health of older mice is improved, while the health of young mice is worsening. Since then, other animal studies have confirmed that injections of young or old blood have similar effects.

It may be the same in the human body. As a treatment for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, young blood is undergoing clinical trials. In addition, older mice receiving blood injections from human adolescents showed improvements in cognitive, memory, and physical activity levels.

But these studies rely on young people donating their blood: if this becomes the treatment of choice for treating age-related diseases, it will be difficult to get enough blood donations to meet demand.

Hematopoietic progenitors in our blood may provide an alternative. Our red blood cells and white blood cells are made by hematopoietic progenitors, and the hematopoietic progenitor cells themselves are produced by hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. However, as we get older, the number of these hematopoietic stem cells will drop. When a woman (one of the longest-lived women in the world) died at the age of 115, she seemed to have only two hematopoietic progenitors in her blood.

Decreased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells result in fewer red blood cells, as well as white blood cells such as B cells and T cells. This decline can lead to anemia and weaken the immune system. Hartmut Geiger of the University of Ulm, Germany, said, "In general, the immune system of the elderly is not strong enough to fight infection."

When the Geiger team studied bone marrow in mice, they found that older mice had lower levels of osteopontin (OPN). To see if this protein has an effect on hematopoietic stem cells, the team injected OPN-producing hematopoietic stem cells into mice and found that these cells rapidly age.

But when senescent hematopoietic stem cells are mixed in a dish with OPN and thrombin that activates OPN by enzymatic cleavage, they begin to produce white blood cells just like young hematopoietic stem cells. This suggests that OPN makes hematopoietic stem cells younger. Geiger said, "If we can turn this discovery into a therapy, then we can make the blood of old age young again."

Hanadie Yousef of Stanford University in the United States said, “This is exciting.” She said that more research is needed to see if this method can rejuvenate the entire blood system.

Prior to this, most studies using blood as a rejuvenation agent were concerned with plasma because some people thought it carried a role in maintaining young lytic factors. However, Geiger believes that cells in the blood may play a key role because they are better able to migrate into the body tissues.

Heart health

Yousef said that both lysis factors and blood cells may play an important role. She said that although the injection of young plasma rejuvenates older animals, the effects of this therapy have not been as strong as when young animals and older animals share the blood circulation system.

The Geiger team is currently developing a drug that contains OPN and thrombin to promote hematopoietic stem cells to become younger. He said, "It should enhance the immune system of the elderly."

Such drugs may not only have the benefit of fighting infection and alleviating anemia. The team also believes that OPN will increase the level of hematopoietic stem cells. Given that only a small number of hematopoietic stem cells are associated with heart disease, Geiger says that raising their levels may help prevent heart disease.

Martin Pera of the Jackson Laboratory in the United States said that OPN may also be used to treat age-related blood diseases such as myelodysplasias associated with hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction. "Let the stem cells in the bone marrow rejuvenate may help treat these diseases," he said.

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