How to solve the problem of teachers’ escape from preschool education?

According to statistics, in the past five years, the number of kindergarten teachers in China has lost as much as 830,000, which is equivalent to 40% of kindergarten teachers leaving their original posts every year. The problem of large mobility of kindergarten teachers has become a persistent problem that restricts the development of the kindergarten industry.

As the main body of kindergarten education, the kindergarten teachers are faced with many problems such as their own quality, salary, career development and social treatment. Under the second child boom of newborns, the number of kindergartens will increase rapidly, and the capital will flow to kindergartens. However, the problems faced by kindergarten teachers have not improved significantly. How can talents flow to kindergartens, perhaps There is a long way to go.

National policy - never pay attention to a large overweight

In 2010, with the National Medium- and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010-2020) and the pre-school education “National Ten Articles” as the starting point, the state has once again increased the pre-school education, strongly promoted the GSP kindergarten, and implemented three phases of implementation. The “Pre-school Education Action Plan”, “The first two plans that have been completed have gradually eased the difficulty of entering the park and the expensive entry, adding a lot of 'hard power' to the kindergarten, and the third phase of the implementation is more To alleviate the problem of insufficient soft power in kindergartens," said a first-line head.

Going hand in hand with policy support is a substantial increase in funding for pre-school education. According to statistics, the national education funding for pre-school education has soared from 24.5 billion yuan in 2009 to 72.8 billion yuan in 2010, doubled to 150 billion yuan in 2012, and then increased by more than 15% annually, preschool education. The total investment in education in the country has increased from 3.5% in 2013 to 7.2% in 2016. In 2016, the pre-school student's average funding reached 8,626 yuan, a record high.

The number of kindergarten teachers - a large increase but still insufficient

Under the strong promotion of national policies, the number of kindergartens has grown rapidly, but it is still difficult to meet the gap in kindergartens. According to the Ministry of Education's 2015 Education Statistics Bulletin, as of the end of 2015, there were 223,700 kindergartens in the country, with 2008.85 million children entering the park, 42.648 million children in the park, and 230.31 million kindergarten teachers and teachers. From this calculation, the ratio of teachers to young children is about 1:18.5.

A kindergarten teacher from a county town in Anhui Province said, “We have four grades in all the 'small and medium-sized schools', five classes in each grade, 30 children in each class, and only one teacher in each class has to act. The role of teachers, childcare workers and class teachers.” Such problems are widespread in township and rural kindergartens in underdeveloped areas. “The more you go to the bottom, the more difficult it is to run a garden.”

The Institute of Educational Policy of Southwest University once estimated the gap. By 2021, the number of children in the pre-school education will reach 57.802 million, the number of full-time teachers will be 3,833,900, the number of nurses will be 1,196,900, and the total demand of teachers will be 575,800. . From 2016 to 2021, a total of more than 3 million teachers will be added, including nearly 2 million full-time teachers and 1.3 million childcare workers.

Such a large gap should have quickly attracted teachers through the power of the market. However, this is not the case. The treatment of kindergarten teachers has become a stubborn disease affecting the development of young children.

Kindergarten treatment - low wages, high work pressure

“The kindergarten teacher is either leaving or preparing to leave, mainly because of low wages and high work pressure.” A kindergarten director exclaimed. At present, kindergarten teachers in China can be divided into public parks, teachers, public parks, non-contracted teachers, and private park teachers. More than 80% of kindergarten teachers are non-teaching teachers.

However, China's "Teacher Law" basically only protects public teachers. In addition to some private high-end parks with better benefits, the rights and interests of the kindergartens in the preparation of foreign contract systems are often neglected due to insufficient investment in the parks. The problem of large gaps in welfare benefits is widespread.

The work pressure of the corresponding kindergarten teacher is extremely different from the income. According to some surveys, only less than 10% of kindergarten teachers have an average working time of 8 hours per day, and more than 90% of garden teachers have an average working time of 9 hours or more.

The contradiction between low wages and high work pressure, coupled with the lack of attention to the social status of kindergarten teachers, has lost 830,000 kindergarten teachers in China in the past five years, and 40% of kindergarten teachers are lost every year. Another effect of low pay is that there are few male teachers in kindergartens, and the general lack of “masculinity” among students has gradually attracted people’s attention.

The low-education of kindergarten teachers has gradually received policy attention. The pre-school education action plan implemented in three phases has also solved the daily operation of kindergartens and the basic treatment of teachers by increasing the establishment of public kindergarten teachers, establishing a public school subsidy system and private park subsidy standards. Guarantee issues. The newly introduced "People's Promotion Law" also aims to solve the problem of low wages for non-editing teachers in public kindergartens in various ways, and gradually achieve equal pay for equal work.

The quality of kindergarten teachers - the professional level of kindergarten teachers needs to be improved

Without attractive salary and perfect career planning, it is difficult to attract outstanding talents. Overall, the average comprehensive quality of kindergarten teachers is not high.

"From the source point of view, influenced by many factors, the family background and basic quality of students who choose pre-school education at this stage are often not too high." One director said, "Because the selection mechanism of college preschool education has taken place very much. The change. In 1990, the teachers' colleges were the choice of outstanding students from all over the country. The state provided free college education and distributed employment. However, the implementation of the college fee system and the expansion of college enrollment dropped sharply.

In addition, the number of pre-school education graduates is not sufficient, and the teaching content has to be kept up to date. Preschool teachers should be all-round talents. Singing, jumping, painting, sports, etc. must be involved. They need to have the ability to solve practical problems. However, there is a certain disconnect between pre-school education and practical application.

According to industry insiders, many pre-school education graduates are not willing to be kindergarten teachers in the first line, but choose to do some management or teaching and research work in developed areas. In addition, there is still a phenomenon that kindergarten teachers in economically developed areas are easier to recruit, but most kindergartens in rural areas do not have kindergarten teachers, and the problem of geographical imbalance is particularly prominent.

Government + market double line to increase the supply of excellent kindergarten teachers

It is estimated that from 2017 to 2020, the number of new births in China will reach more than 20 million per year. The demand for teachers in some newly opened kindergartens is very large. The preschool education professionals are very popular among the market. In order to recruit talents, many kindergartens even advance one. Years to colleges with pre-school education "booking" teachers.

At present, there are also colleges and universities, especially higher vocational colleges, applying for pre-school education, according to the 2017 announcement by the Ministry of Education.

The Ministry of Education approved a total of 169 higher vocational points, including 58 pre-school education programs and 20 early education programs, which are the two professional points with the largest number of approvals. . The 2016 undergraduate professional filing and approval results also include 28 pre-school education professionals, all of which are concentrated in provincial non-known universities. High-quality pre-school graduate students are very scarce.

According to the latest pre-school education action plan announced in May this year, by 2020, the kindergarten teachers will be fully certified. The education management department will be demand-oriented and carry out a new round of training for all kindergarten teachers, which will undoubtedly bring opportunities to market-oriented kindergarten teachers.

The market has already appeared some vocational training institutions for the training of kindergarten teachers. Bazhou Water Education and Baizhicheng Education use short-term vocational training to train in-service kindergarten teachers or directors. In addition, the companies that focus on the development of kindergarten services, such as Weichuang, Yitong Culture, and Qingmiao, regard kindergarten teacher training as part of the kindergarten service plan, and the content of the professor is based on practical skills. A kindergarten director also put forward his own suggestion: "The cost of institutionalized institutional training is relatively high. The state can organize the continuing education for kindergarten teachers through the network platform and achieve a cost-effective training effect."

The comprehensive quality of kindergarten teachers and the treatment of kindergarten teachers are not things that can be solved overnight. Policies or the most important driving factors have already seen the dawn. For example, in Gansu Province in 2016, it is planned to allow 700,000 school-age children to receive pre-school education free of charge, and the funds will be paid by the provincial finance. Zhejiang Province also requires that kindergarten teachers must have "two certificates", and the government subsidies will make the salary of kindergarten teachers reach the local per capita level.

After the adoption of the new people's law, most kindergartens in the future will be punished, it will be difficult to make money and will not lose money. The monthly fee rate will be reduced to less than 1,000 yuan, and most of the kindergarten teachers will be treated by the government. Paying the bill, but subject to the different financial strengths of different regions, the entire implementation process may have a long way to go.

Source: Mustard heap

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