American scientists have developed a new tool that can translate DNA sequences into images, which will help identify real-time changes in the DNA map that cause cancer, Huntington's disease, and other genetic diseases, allowing researchers to be faster and more effective Distinguish between genetic patterns. The "Symbol Scatter Plot" tool designed by David Cox, a Ph.D. student in the Department of Computer Science at North Carolina State University, provides a visual schematic of DNA sequences. Cox explained that compared to existing computer programs that try to find repeated DNA sequences, the human visual system is better at recognizing patterns and distinguishing between patterns. In other words, the ability to see the picture with the naked eye is currently stronger than the computer. It is important to determine the pattern in the DNA sequence because it can help researchers identify real-time genetic variations between patients with cancer and other diseases and healthy people. Improving the discrimination of related DNA sequences will hopefully accelerate the development of more successful treatments for various diseases and allow researchers to focus on parts of the DNA associated with the disease, allowing people to enhance their understanding of the genetic mechanisms of these diseases. For example, what exactly turned on or off a particular gene? So, how does the symbolic scatterplot tool create a visual schematic of DNA? DNA consists of 4 nucleotides, represented by the letters A, T, G, and C. Each three-letter string of nucleotides AAA or ATG are called 3-mers. Cox explained that there are 64 types of 3 substrates, each of which is represented by the numbers 0 to 63. The symbolic scatterplot tool will use a long string to represent the DNA sequence and separate it in the form of 3 matrices. Draw a point for each of the 3 substrates, using the numbers 0 to 63 as the Y axis. The X axis represents the order in which the 3 matrices appear in the gene sequence. The resulting scatterplot can reveal interesting patterns in the original DNA. String these dots together to make an animation for comparing DNA sequences. Cox chose the 3 matrix because it is related to a codon, which is the genetic code used by the human body to insert a specific amino acid during protein production. In other words, they supervise the production of proteins (the basic building blocks of the human body). Cox said that although there are 64 3 substrates, there are only 20 amino acids, so each amino acid corresponds to 3 more 3 substrates. This symbolic scatter plot designed by Cox allows these 3 matrices corresponding to corresponding amino acids to be adjacent to each other. In this way, it is easy to determine when one of the three substrates has a significant difference, that is, from one amino acid to another amino acid.
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