Researchers from the Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University confirmed in a new study that PTB1 regulates the seed setting rate of rice by controlling the growth of pollen tubes. This study found that it is of great significance to cultivate new rice varieties and improve rice yield. The related research paper "Natural variation in PTB1 regulates rice seed setting rate by controlling pollen tube growth" was published in the journal Nature Communications on November 18th. Professor Ping Li of Sichuan Agricultural University is the corresponding author of this paper. Professor Li Ping's research team is mainly engaged in the research of rice genetic breeding, rice molecular biology and rice biotechnology. He has published nearly one hundred research papers. With the continuous growth of the world's population, human demand for cereals will further increase. It is predicted that by 2025, the world ’s population will surge to 8.9 billion, and food production must increase by more than 50% compared to the current output in order to meet the needs of the rapidly growing population. Rice is one of the most important food crops. About 60% of the world ’s population eats rice, so increasing rice production is critical to the world, especially China ’s food security. The number of grains per ear, seed setting rate, number of ears and grain weight are the most important factors that determine the yield of rice. Among these rice yield components, the number of panicles and the number of grains per ear can easily reach predetermined targets in production, while the grain weight is less affected by the environment. Only the seed setting rate is susceptible to external factors such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, rain, bad wind and bad weather, as well as improper cultivation measures. So far, researchers have discovered some rice genes related to grain weight, grain number per ear, and ear number. However, no gene that regulates seed setting rate has been identified for functional characteristics. Because the effect of rice seeding rate on yield is second only to the number of ears, and increasing the rice seeding rate can directly increase the number of grains per ear, revealing that the molecular mechanism of rice seeding rate has an important impact on increasing rice yield. In 2011, the Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University conducted a large number of studies on a female infertility mutant from indica rice Shuhui 202, and found that the infertility trait was controlled by a pair of recessive genes, located on rice chromosome 5. It is named Pollen tube blocked 1 (PTB1) because it shows that the growth of pollen tubes is blocked and the normal fertilization process cannot be completed, resulting in female infertility. Earlier this year, the institute revealed through database analysis that the PTB1 protein contains a RING-FINGER domain and belongs to the C3H2C3 type. The data shows that most of the proteins with RING-FINGER domain have E3 ligase activity, which is located in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which is an important system for regulating protein degradation. Subsequently, they confirmed that the PTB1 protein does indeed have E3 ligase activity. In this new article, the researchers found that PTB1 positively regulates the seed setting rate of rice by promoting the growth of pollen tubes. The gene expression of PTB1 is affected by the promoter haplotype and ambient temperature, and is significantly positively correlated with the rice seed setting rate. The results show that PTB1 is an important control factor for pollen tube growth and rice seed setting rate. This is of great significance for promoting high and stable yield of rice.
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