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Key words: private paper industry; strong alliances; introduction of funds; clean production; product upgrades; technological innovation; management innovation; modern enterprise system; industrial upgrading About the author: Chen Kefu, Professor, doctoral tutor, South China University of Technology Paper and Environment Dean of the School of Engineering, member of the American Pulp and Paper Association, member of the Fluid Mechanics Committee.
The basic economic system defined by the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party as "the main body of public ownership and common development of multiple ownership systems" has stimulated the development of private enterprises in China and made it an important part of the socialist market economy. The private paper industry has developed particularly rapidly. It has now become an important force in China's paper industry. Dongguan, Guangdong Province is one of the most concentrated areas for private paper making enterprises in China. The picture shows the author's investigation in Dongguan Yongxing Paper Company, a private enterprise in Dongguan City. Take a picture.
Taking Guangdong as an example, there are more than 300 papermaking enterprises in Guangdong Province, of which more than 200 are private paper industries. In the annual production capacity of nearly 4 million tons, private paper industry accounts for 60%, and products are used in daily life. Paper, packaging paper, boxboard, white paperboard, coated paper and functional paper products, among others, including toilet paper and tissue paper, whose quality is among the highest in the country, and high-grade packaging paper produced by users at home and abroad. Welcome. Some of China's private-owned paper industry has entered the large-scale paper industry with an annual output of 200,000 tons or more. It plays a decisive role in the domestic papermaking industry and has developed into a star of the paper industry in China.
The development of the private paper industry has made its status and role in the national economy increasingly prominent, and it has become a driving force for supporting the growth of the national economy. While increasing social capital and creating wealth for the country, it has also created employment opportunities for social stability. Made a contribution; through competition, it also promoted the reform and development of the state-owned paper industry and accelerated the establishment of a market economic system; the development of the private paper industry has improved the structure of China's paper products and promoted the development of the paper industry in China. Affected the development of related industries such as machinery, chemicals, instruments, and the environment.
In the new century, whether China's private paper industry can continue to develop, especially after China's accession to the WTO, how to adapt to development is a major issue worthy of discussion. After researching, the author talks about his own shallow views.
1 Under the new situation, the private paper industry will face challenges. Some experts predict that China's accession to the WTO will be conducive to the development of modern large-scale state-owned paper and joint ventures, sole proprietorships, and private paper industries. Papermaking companies will be polarized. In fact, the private paper industry will also face new challenges, especially in the aspects of product quality, product price, technical level, and environmental protection. How to achieve survival and development under this new situation is a problem that every private paper industry must face.
In terms of product quality, the quality of some privately-owned papers has not yet been upgraded, raw materials are consumed at a high level, and the benefits are low. Some owners have a weak sense of quality and have not yet realized the potential crisis. In terms of product prices, some of the paper industry originally relied on low prices. The advantages occupy the market, but after the accession to the WTO, the tariffs of paper will gradually drop to 5% to 6%, and eventually to nearly zero tariff, so the products occupying the market at low prices have no advantage; at the technical level, some private papers Industrial technology is backward, technology equipment and the current international level difference of 40 or 50 years, in this condition is difficult to make product quality grade, and lack of sufficient funds for technological transformation; the current national environmental protection, clean production and compliance discharge The requirements are more stringent, and environmental issues will truly become the key issue for the survival and development of the paper industry.
It can be considered that after joining the WTO, private enterprises with outmoded equipment, backward technology, serious pollution, poor internal management, and low grades of products but the cost will not be able to survive will face severe challenges, will feel considerable pressure, and will be phased out. .
2 It is a measure to increase the competitiveness of the private paper industry through strong alliances or the introduction of funds to achieve industrial upgrading. Under the new circumstances, under the premise of adapting to global economic integration and the country’s sustainable development strategy, the private paper industry seeks to obtain Survival and development must find appropriate countermeasures. For different conditions, consider the following approaches and countermeasures.
(1) For the privately-owned paper industry, which has strong strength, it can work hard on "high, large, and strong", and form key enterprises and large-scale enterprise groups through strong and strong alliances or mutual participation, and increase investment in science and technology. The establishment of a modern enterprise system will enable the company to have a higher level, a larger scale, and a stronger ability to further enhance the company's competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets.
(2) For the “small and refined†private paper industry with its own characteristics, such as high-grade specialty paper and functional paper products, the paper industry can work hard on “special, refined, and strong†and use the advantages and characteristics of its own brand products. All possible ways, trying to attract foreign investment, strategic restructuring and technological innovation of the enterprise, so that the enterprise seeks for excellence and enhances its competitive strength.
(3) For private paper industries with certain scales of middle and low-grade products, such as corrugated paper mills, they should obtain funds through the method of renting or selling part of equity, deepen internal reforms and technological reforms, and achieve product upgrades while minimizing costs. High quality and low price are the trump card for competition and seek the survival and development of the paper industry.
(4) For the backward technology and equipment, the private paper industry with low product quality can only transfer equity through stock transfer, allow the strong mergers to revitalize the company, and through market research and analysis, adjust the product structure as soon as possible, and strive to survive the WTO entry. Hope.
3 Adjusting the technical structure and relying on technological advancement and technological innovation to achieve clean production and product upgrading are the top priorities of the private paper industry. First, to achieve clean production, and second, product upgrades. This is a major issue that the private paper industry must solve before joining the WTO. .
3.1 Rely on technological progress to optimize the production process and equipment and reduce the degree of waste liquid pollution in the production process. Firstly, the pulp production line should first do a good job of alkali recovery, improve the bleaching process and equipment, and increase the reuse rate of white water; especially the traditional three-stage bleaching, its wastewater It is a source of pollution that produces organic chlorides and produces toxic substances such as dioxin. The government policy has used the AOX emission quota as a reference standard, and will soon be used as an implementation standard. Therefore, the amount of chlorine used in the bleaching process must be strictly controlled, and no (less) should be used. Chlorine bleaching technology, that is, medium and strong oxygen bleaching and medium and high concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching technology; good white water recovery is also an effective measure to reduce the pollution degree of the production process. Experts believe that the super-efficiency gas floatation is the current domestic and foreign advanced white water recovery technology. White water multi-disk filters are key equipment for white water recovery technology. The above technologies have been successfully developed and applied in China.
While focusing on cleaner production, it is also necessary to improve the end treatment of middle-stage wastewater as soon as possible to ensure compliance with discharge standards. At present, some paper mills have been ordered to suspend production due to non-compliance of discharge.
3.2 Relying on technological innovation, developing middle-to-high end products, adapting to domestic and international market needs Along with the improvement of the people's living standards and the development of the national economy, the market demands higher quality of paper products. For example, in Guangdong, people’s demand for toilet paper has begun to shift from low-end products to medium-to-high-end products; in addition, with the development of economic and trade undertakings, the requirements for packaging are higher, and low-grade corrugated paper will be gradually phased out; Paper, such as recoated copperplate paper and lightweight coated paper, is currently more popular. It can be seen that only the development of high-end products can meet the needs of the market.
To adjust the product structure, the development of medium and high-end products requires capital and technology, the process needs to be transformed, and the equipment needs to be updated. This brings difficulties to many private paper companies, but more importantly, the corporate leaders must have determination and perseverance. Private paper industry through hard work, hard work, perseverance, relying on technology, relying on management, hard to create ace products for example.
3.3 Reducing Production Costs and Maintaining Low Price Advantage while Product Upgrades Maintaining low-cost advantages while product upgrading is one of the effective ways for the private paper industry to improve its competitiveness. The way to reduce costs boils down to improving labor productivity, reducing raw material consumption and energy consumption, and reducing waste losses through management reforms and technological reforms. In fact, even the best companies have the potential to dig, there is no "impeccable."
However, management reforms and technological reforms must also be achieved by high-quality workers. The industry has a "people-oriented" approach. Although the employees of the private paper industry implement the contract system and the appointment system, the liquidity of employees is still relatively large. The phenomenon of “not using only teaching†is serious. Only through ideological and moral education and technical training as soon as possible, can the cultural quality and technical business of the paper workers be comprehensively improved. Ability to create conditions for product upgrades.
Under the guidance of macroeconomic policies, deepening internal reforms and gradually realizing the modern enterprise system are the goals of the private paper industry. Modern enterprises are the target of the private paper industry. Therefore, under the guidance of macroeconomic policies, deepening internal reforms and gradually realizing the modern enterprise system are Private paper industry has become a basic guarantee for modern enterprises. Some private paper industries have long recognized this point. After years of hard work, they have created the basic conditions for becoming a modern enterprise. However, more privately-run paper companies have "best bosses" in their management. Some people think that some owners of private enterprises do not trust people's loyalty, they use short-term use, they directly interfere in management, and they have a quick-motivation mentality. In the absence of an effective legal environment and an equally competitive social environment, there are still barriers to social security, personnel training, management services, etc., and there are also phenomena of low management, low quality of personnel, backward technology, and ineffective information. The short-term behavior of business strategies and operating methods is serious. For such a private paper industry, it is particularly important to propose to understand the modern enterprise system and gradually realize the modern enterprise system.
To realize a modern enterprise system, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the internal system of the enterprise, establish a scientific management system within the enterprise, improve the supervision organization, formulate practical and feasible management rules and regulations, improve the scientific management level, and embark on the track of self-improvement and self-development as soon as possible. . According to the analysis of experts, the criteria for judging a company’s modern enterprise system are: whether the business decision power and supervision power are separated; whether the organization management has been standardized and institutionalized; whether information management has been modernized; whether the company has a mechanism for technological innovation; The legal entity is also the main body of competition; whether the company joins a socialized and professional collaboration system during operation, and does not engage in "alarm operations."
Regardless of the stage to which the private paper industry has been developed, managers often make use of these six criteria to gradually realize these standards, which will promote the continuous development of the private paper industry. (Chen Kefu) (This article was acknowledged by Prof. Hu Nan, thank you very much.)
Development and Countermeasures of Private Paper Industry
Abstract: In the new century, especially after China's accession to the WTO, whether the private paper industry can continue to develop and how to develop, this article has analyzed and discussed this.